2014年上海高考英语真题试卷（word解析版）下载

绝密★启用前 2014 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷） 英语试卷 （满分 150 分，考试时间 100 分钟） 考生注意： 1. 考试时间 120 分钟, 试卷满分 150 分。 2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。试卷分为第 I 卷（第 1－12 页）和第 II 卷（第 13 页）， 全卷共 13 页。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上 一律不得分。 答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题 纸反而清楚地填写姓名。 第 I 卷（共 103 分） I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. A policewoman.B. A judge. C. A reporter. C. Satisfied. D. A waitress. D. Worried. 2. A. Confident. 3. A. At a restaurant. C. In a bank. B. Puzzled. B. At a car rental agency. D. In a driving school. C. A performance. B. Meet Jane. 4. A. A disaster. 5. A. Catch the train. B. A new roof. D. A TV station. C. Get some stationery. D. Clean the backyard. B. Buy the vase she really likes. D. Bargain with the shop assistant. B. Take a chemistry course. D. Get her computer repaired. 6. A. Ask for something cheaper. C. Protect herself from being hurt. 7. A. Use a computer in the lab. C. Help him revise his report. 第 1 页 共 43 页 8. A. Amused. C. Shocked. B. Embarrassed. D. Sympathetic. 9. A. She doesn’t plan to continue studying next year. B. She has already told the man about her plan. C. She isn’t planning to leave her university. D. She recently visited a different university. 10. A. It spoke highly of the mayor. B. It misinterpreted the mayor’s speech. C. It made the mayor’s view clearer. D. It carried the mayor’s speech accurately. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. 70. 12. A. The houses there can’t be sold. C. The cabins and facilities are shared.D. It is run by the residents themselves. B. 20. C. 25. D. 75. B. It is a place for work and holiday. 13. A. A skiing resort. C. A splendid mountain. B. A special community. D. A successful businesswoman. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news. 14. A. Those who often sent text messages.B. Those who suffered from heart disease. C. Those who did no physical exercise. D. Those who were unmarried. 15. A. They responded more slowly than usual.B. They sent more messages. C. They typed 10 percent faster on average.D. They edited more passages. 16. A. Why chemical therapy works. B. Why marriage helps fight cancer. C. How unmarried people survive cancer. D. How cancer is detected after marriage. 第 2 页 共 43 页 Section C Directions: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations.The conversations will be read twice.After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard.Write your answers on your answer sheet. Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. Complete the form.Write ONE WORD for each answer. Travellers’ Survey Sheet Travel purpose: fora(n) __17__ in London Comments on the airport environment / facilities: Likes: ·__18__ ·__19__ walkways Dislikes: ·__20__ shops ·small trolleys Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation. Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. What is critical thinking in reading? Assessing the writer’s ideas and thinking about the __21__ of what the writer is saying. What is the first step in reading an academicFinding out the argument and the writer’s main text critically? line of __22__. What may serve as the evidence? What is the key to critical thinking? __23__ , survey results, examples, etc To read actively and __24__ II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: Afterreading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. (A) My Stay in New York 第 3 页 共 43 页 After graduation from university, I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town. So I decided to leave home for New York, （25 ）______I might have a better chance to find a good job. （26）______ (earn) some money to pay the daily expenses, I started work in a local café as a waiter. I believe that （27）______ ______ ______ I was offered a good position, I would resign at once. Over time, the high cost of living became a little burden on my already （28）______ (exhaust) shoulder. On the other hand, my search for a respectable job had not met with much success. As I had studied literature at university, I found it quite difficult to secure a suitable job in big companies. Mother had just said that （29）______ I want to have a better career advancement, I had to find work in the city. Perhaps （30）______my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind. I just did as she had expected. Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it. Apparently, I had difficulty （31）______ (adapt) myself to life in the city, let alone finding a job to my delight. After nine months of frustration, I eventually decided to go back to my small town. Not until I returned （32）______I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me. (B) The giant vending machine (自动售货机) is a new village shop Villagers have long been used to facing a drive when they run out of basic supplies. However, help is now nearer at hand in form of the country’s first automatic push-button shop. Now residents in the Derbyshire Village of Clifton can buy groceries around the clock after the huge vending was installed outside a pub in the village this week. Peter Fox, who is （33）______electrical engineer, spent two and a half years working on the project. The machine （34）______ (equip) with securing cameras and alarms and looks like a mini shop with a brick front, a grey roof and a display window. Mr. Fox said he hoped his invention,（35）_____ is set to be installed in other villages in the area over the coming months, will mark a return to convenience shopping for rural communities. He said:“ I had this idea a few years ago but I couldn’t find a manufacture who could deliver what I wanted, so I did it by （36）_____. The result is what amounts to huge outdoor vending machine. Yet I think the term “automatic shop” is far （37）______ (appropriate) 第 4 页 共 43 页 In recent years, the commercial pressure from supermarket chains（ 38 ） _____ (force) village shops across the country to close. In 2010, it was estimated that about 400 village shops closed, （39）______ (urge) the local government to give financial support to struggling shops or set-up new communities stores. Hundreds of communities have since stepped in and opened up their won volunteer-run shops, but Mr. Fox hopes his new invention will offer a solution （40）______those villages without a local shop. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. alert B. classify C. commit I. relieve D. delicatelyE. gentle J. signalsK. simply F. impose G. labels H. moderation Let’s say you’ve decided you want to eat more healthfully. However, you don’t have time to carefully plan menus for meals or read food 　41　 at the supermarket. Since you really 　42　 yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldn’t it? This is where a “choice architect” can help　43　some of the burden of doing it all yourself. Choice architects are people who organize the contexts in which customers make decisions. For example, the person who decides the layout of your local supermarket-including which shelf the peanut butter goes on, and how the oranges are piled up — is a choice architect. Governments don’t have to　44　healthier lifestyles through lawsfor example, smoking bans. Rather, if given an environment created by a choice architect-one that encourages us to choose what is best-we will do the right things. In other words, there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthier choices, without removing freedom of choice. This idea combines freedom to choose with 　45　hints from choice architects, who aim to help people live longer, healthier, and happier lives. The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called “traffic light system” to 　46　foods as healthy or unhealthy. This means that customers can see at a glance how much fat, sugar, and salt each product contains 　47　by looking at the lights on the package. A green light　48　that the amounts of the three nutrients are healthy; yellow indicates that the customer 第 5 页 共 43 页 should be　49 　; and red means that the food is high in at least one of the three nutrients and should be eaten in　50　. The customer is given important health information, but is still free to decide what to choose. III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we’ve just watched or books we’ve just finished reading, but plain and simple　51　. Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we　52　 do with it? We gossip. About others’ behaviour and private lives, such as who’s doing what with whom, who’s in and who’s out-and why; how to deal with difficult　53　situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues. So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural　54　, of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? It’s not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar.In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really　55　 issues. Dunbar　56　 the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural.Instead he suggests that language evolved among women.We don’t spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar—　 57 　 , he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip. Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the　58　of the higher primates(灵长类动 物)like monkeys.By means of grooming–cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or　59　from outside it. As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar 　60　 第 6 页 共 43 页 that at one time in our history we did much the same.Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the 　61　it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others.Grooming helped to　62　the pressure and calm everybody down. But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be　63　to maintain its effectiveness.Clearly, a more　64　kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal(有声的)grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one 　65　 contact. 51.A. claim B. description B. habitually B. political B. masters C. gossip D. language D. originally D. cultural 52.A. occasionally 53.A. social C. independently C. historical C. users 54.A. admirers 55.A. vital D. wasters D. difficult D. broadens B. sensitive B. rejects C. ideal 56.A. confirms 57.A. for instance 58.A. motivation 59.A. attack C. outlines B. in addition C. on the contraryD. as a result C. emotionD. behaviour C. inspectionD. assistance C. concludesD. confesses C. leadershipD. protection C. maintain B. appearance B. contact B. denies 60.A. recalls 61.A. prospect 62.A. measure 63.A. saved B. responsibility B. show D. ease B. extended B. efficient B. daily C. consumed C. scientific C. physical D. gained D. Thoughtful D. secret 64.A. common 65.A. indirect Section B Directions: Readthe following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) 第 7 页 共 43 页 Most people agree that honesty is a good thing. But does Mother Nature agree? Animals can’t talk, but can they lie in other ways? Can they lie with their bodies and behavior? Animal experts may not call it lying, but they do agree that many animals, from birds to chimpanzees, behave dishonestly to fool other animals. Why? Dishonesty often helps them survive. Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals. For example, a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young. When a predator(猎食动 物)gets close to its nest, the plover leads the predator away from the nest. How? It pretends to have a broken wing. The predator follows the “hurt” adult, leaving the baby birds safe in the nest. Another kind of bird, the scrub jay, buries its food so it always has something to eat. Scrub jays are also thieves. They watch where others bury their food and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them. So they go back later, unbury the food, and bury it again somewhere else. Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work. How? They don’t make nests. Instead, they get into other birds’ nests secretly. Then they lay their eggs and fly away. When the baby birds come out, their adoptive parents feed them. Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky. After a fight, the losing chimp will give its hand to the other. When the winning chimp puts out its hand, too, the chimps are friendly again. But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winner’s hand and start fighting again. Chimps are sneaky in other ways, too. When chimps find food that they love, such as bananas, it is natural for them to cry out. Then other chimps come running. But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food. That way, other chimps don’t hear them,and they don’t need to share their food. As children, many of us learn the saying “You can’t fool Mother Nature.” But maybe you can’t trust her, either. 66.A plover protects its young from a predator by______. A. getting closer to its young B. driving away the adult predator C. leaving its young in another nest D. pretending to be injured 第 8 页 共 43 页 67.By “Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky” (paragraph 5), the author means______. A. chimps are ready to attack others B. chimps are sometimes dishonest C. chimps are jealous of the winners D. chimps can be selfish too 68.Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. Some chimps lower their cry to keep food away from others. B. The losing chimp won the fight by taking the winner’s hand. C. Cuckoos fool their adoptive parents by making no nests. D. Some clever scrub jays often steal their food back. 69.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Do animals lie? B. Does Mother Nature fool animals? C. How do animals learn to lie? D. How does honesty help animals survive? （B） Let’s say you want to hit the gym more regularly this year. How do you make that happen? Consider putting the habit loop to use. Here’s how it works: A habit is a 3-step process. First, there’s a cue, something that tells your brain to operate automatically. Then there’s a routine. And finally, a reward, which helps your brain learn to desire the behavior. It’s what you can use to create-or break-habits of your own. Here’s how to apply it: Choose a cue, like leaving your running shoes by the door, then pick. a reward-say, a piece of chocolate when you get home from the gym. That way, the cue and the reward become interconnected. Finally, when you see the shoes, your brain will start longing for the reward, 第 9 页 共 43 页 which will make it easier to work out day after day. The best part? In a couple of weeks, you won’t need the chocolate at all. Your brain will come to see the workout itself as the reward. Which is the whole point, right? 70.Which of the following best fits in the box with a“?” in THE HABIT LOOP? A. Pick a new cue. B. Form a new habit. C. Choose a new reward. D. Design a new resolution. 71.According to THE HABIT LOOP, you can stick to your plan most effectively by______. 第 10 页 共 43 页 A. changing the routine C. adjusting your goal B. trying it for a week D. writing it down 72.What’s the purpose of putting the habit loop to use? A. To test out different kinds of cues. B. To do something as a habit even without rewards. C. To work out the best New Year’s resolution. D. To motivate yourself with satisfactory rewards. 73.“This year when I see the Harry Potter poster, I will read 30 pages of an English novel or anEnglish newspaper in order to watch TV for half an hour.” What is the cue in this resolution? A. The Harry Potter poster. C. An English newspaper. B. Reading 30 pages of an English novel. D. Watching TV for half an hour. (C) If you could be anybody in the world, who would it be? Your neighbour or a super star? A few people have experienced what it might be like to step into the skin of another person, thanks to an unusual virtual reality(虚拟现实)device. Rikke Wahl, an actress, model and artist, was one of the participants in a body swapping experiment at the Be Another lab, a project developed by a group of artists based in Barcelona. She swapped with her partner, an actor, using a machine called The Machine to Be Another and temporarily became a man. “As I looked down, I saw my whole body as a man, dressed in my partner’s pants,” she said. “That’s the picture I remember best.” The set-up is relatively simple. Both users wear a virtual reality headset with a camera on the top. The video from each camera is sent to the other person, so what you see is the exact view of your partner. If she moves her arm, you see it. If you move your arm, she sees it. To get used to seeing another person’s body without actually having control of it, participants start by raising their arms and legs very slowly, so that the other can follow along. Eventually, this kind of slow synchronised(同步的)movement becomes comfortable, and participants really start to feel as though they are living in another person’s body. Using such technology promises to alter people’s behaviour afterwards-potentially for the better. Studies have shown that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism-the bias(偏 见 )that humans have against those who don’t look or sound like them. Researchers at the 第 11 页 共 43 页 University of Barcelona gave people a questionnaire called the Implicit Association Test, which measures the strength of people’s associations between, for instance, black people and adjectives such as good, bad, athletic or awkward. Then they asked them to control the body of a dark skinned digital character using virtual reality glasses, before taking the test again. This time, the participants’ bias scores were lower. The idea is that once you’ve “put yourself in another’s shoes” you’re less likely to think ill of them, because your brain has internalised the feeling of being that person. The creators of The Machine to Be Another hope to achieve a similar result. “At the end of body swapping, people feel like holding each other in their arms,” says Arthur Pointeau, a programmer with the project. “It’s a really nice way to have this kind of experience. I would really, really recommend it to everyone.” 74.The word “swapping” (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to______. A. building B. exchanging C. controlling D. transplanting 75.We can infer from the experiment at the Be Another lab that______. A. our feelings are related to our bodily experience B. we can learn to take control of other people’s bodies C. participants will live more passionately after the experiment D. The Machine to Be Another can help people change their sexes 76.In the Implicit Association Test, before the participants used virtual reality glasses to control a dark skinned digital character, ______. A. they fought strongly against racism B. they scored lower on the test for racism C. they changed their behaviour dramatically D. they were more biased against those unlike them 77.It can be concluded from the passage that______. A. technology helps people realize their dreams B. our biases could be eliminated through experiments C. virtual reality helps promote understanding among people D. our points of view about others need changing constantly 第 12 页 共 43 页 Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. More and more corporations are taking an interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR). CSR is made up of three broad layers. The most basic is traditional corporate charity work. Companies typically spend about 1% of pre-tax profits on worthy projects. But many feel that simply writing cheques to charities is no longer enough. In some companies, shareholders want to know that their money is being put to good use, and employees want to be actively involved in good works. Money alone is not the answer when companies come under attack for their behavior. Hence the second layer of CSR, which is a branch of risk management. Starting in the 1980s, with environmental disasters such as the explosion at Bhopal and the Exxon Valdez oil spill, industry after industry has suffered blows to its reputation. So, companies often responded by trying to manage the risks. They talk to non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and to governments, create codes of conduct(行 为 准 则 ) and devote themselves to more transparency(透明)in their operations. Increasingly, too. they, along with their competitors, set common rules to spread risks. All this is largely defensive, but there are also opportunities for those that get ahead of the game. The emphasis on opportunity is the third layer of CSR: the idea that it can help to create value. If approached in a strategic way, CSR could become part of a company’s competitive advantage. That is just the sort of thing chief executives like to hear. The idea of “doing well by doing good” has become popular. Nevertheless, the business of trying to be good is bringing difficult questions to executives. Can you measure CSR performance? Should you be cooperating with NGOs and you’re your competitors? Is there any really competitive advantage to be had from a green strategy? Corporate social responsibility is now seen as a mainstream. Big companies want to tell the world about their good citizenship with their devotion to social responsibilities. Done badly, CSR is often just window-dressing and can be positively harmful. Done well, though, it is not some separate activity that companies do on the side, a corner of corporate life reserved for virtue(美德)： it is just good business. 第 13 页 共 43 页 (Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS) 78.Both _________ in some companies find it no longer enough to simply donate money to charities. 79.Give one example of the defensive measures of risk management according to the passage. 80.With the emphasis on opportunity, the third layer of CSR is meant to_________. 81.According to the passage, “good business” (paragraph 6) means that corporations ________ while making profits. 第 II 卷（共 47 分） I. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1. 我习惯睡前听点轻音乐。(accustomed) 2. 将来过怎样的生活取决于你自己。(be up to) 3．没有什么比获准参加太空旅行项目更令人兴奋的了。(than) 4．家长嘱咐孩子别在河边嬉戏，以免遭遇不测。(for fear) 5．虽然现代社会物资丰富，给予消费者更多的选择，但也使不少人变成购物狂。(turn) II. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 学校英语报正在酝酿改版，拟从现有的三个栏目（健康、娱乐、文化）中去除一个，并 从三个备选栏目（时尚、职业规划、读者反馈）中挑选一个纳入该报。假设你是该校学生程 飞，给校报编辑写一封电子邮件，表达你的观点。邮件须包括以下内容： 1．你建议去除的栏目及去除的理由； 2．你建议增加的栏目及增加的理由。 第 14 页 共 43 页 2014 年上海英语参考答案 第 I 卷 第一大题第 1 至第 10 小题，每题 1 分；第 11 至第 16 小题，每题 2 分：第 17 至第 24 小题， 每题 1 分。共 30 分。 1. A 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.A 8.C 9.C 10.B 11.C 12.D 17. conference 13.B 14.C 15.A 18. daylight 16.B 19. moving 20. overcrowded 21. implications and conclusions22. reasoning23. Figures24. keep questioning 第二大题每小题 1 分。共 26 分。 25. where 30. what 26. To earn 31. adapting 27. as soon as / as long as 28. exhausted 29. if 32. did 33. an 34. is equipped35. which 36. myself 37. more appropriate 44. F45. E 38. has forced 46. B47. K 39. urging 48. J49. A 40. to 50. H 41. G 42. C43.1 第三大题第 51 至 65 小题，每题 1 分；第“至”小题，每题 2 分；第 78 至 81 小题，每题 2 分。共 47 分。 51. C52. B53. A 54. D 63. B64. B65. C66. D 73.A 74.B 75.A 76.D 55. A 56. B57. C58. D 59. A 69. A 60. C 70. C 61. D 71.D 62. D 72.B 67. B68. A 77.C 78. shareholders and employees 79. Companies talk to non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and to governments. / Companies create codes of conduct. / Companies devote themselves to more transparency in their operations. / Companies set common rules with their competitors to spread risks. 80. create value 81. take social responsibilities 第 II 卷 I．翻译共 22 分。 1. I’m accustomed to listening to some light music before sleep. 2. It’s up to you what kind of life you will lead in the future. 3. There is nothing more exciting than being allowed to take part in the space travel program. 第 15 页 共 43 页 4. Parents ask their kids not to play by the river for fear that something terrible might happen. 5. While modern society, rich in material resources, has given consumers more choices, it also turns many of them into crazy shoppers. II．写作共 25 分。 Dear Editor, I’ve learned that our English Post is being reformed and one of the three columns is to be replaced by a new one. I’m writing this e-mail to share with you my opinions. Needless to say, the columns will definitely be designed according to students’ interest and have positive effects on their study and life. Compared to the entertainment , I hold the view that the value of the columns concerning health and culture is more important . The main factor is that it is of great significance to keep healthy while loss of health means kissing goodbye to life. Consequently, more knowledge of how to keep fit can improve the quality of life. In addition, the progress in acquiring cultures contributes to broadening one’s horizons, which in turn is beneficial to one’s study and the establishment of philosophy of life. Furthermore, the career planning should be taken into account in the school English Post . On the one hand, it covers one’s career development a great deal .On the other hand, it makes a great difference to one’s career success in the future. What has been mentioned above is my personal ideas. Here I am in the hope that my advice will add a brilliant touch to the improved version of our school English Post. Yours sincerely, Cheng Fei 第 16 页 共 43 页 2014 年上海英语高考听力原文 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. W: What can I do for you, sir? M: I want to report a theft. My briefcase was stolen. Q: Who is most probably the woman? 2. W: You will take care, won’t you? The roads are very very icy. M: I will drive very slowly. I promise. Q: How does the woman feel? 3. M: Morning, I have a reservation. The name is Blake Smith. W: OK. We’ve got a nice car ready. I’ll need to see your driver’s license and your credit card. Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place? 4. W: CCTV is reporting an enormous flood now! Look at those people on the roof. M: I hope it doesn’t cause much damage. Q: What are the two speakers talking about? 5. W: Would you help me clean the backyard today? M: Sure. I am picking Jane up from the railway station at 3, but I will help you as soon as I get back. Q: What will the man do first? 6. W: The vase is amazing! But it’s a bit more than I want to spend. M: Maybe you can get a better price.It can’t hurt to ask. Q: What does the man suggest the women do? 7. W: My computer’s broken down. Could I use yours to write a chemistry paper? M: Sorry, I am in the middle of revising my report. You know, the computer lab is still open. Q: What does the man imply the women should do? 8. W: I’ve declined their offer to exhibit some of my paintings in this gallery. M: Are you kidding? Any art student I know would die to have an exhibition here. Q: How does the man feel on hearing the woman’s decision? 9. M: You are not planning to transfer to a different university next year, are you? W: If I were, you’d be the firstto know. Q: What does the woman imply? 10. M: Did you read the editorial in the newspaper about the mayor’s speech? M: I sure did. But I think they twisted the meaning of what he said. Q: What does the man say of the editorial? Section B Directions: In section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. Whenyou hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which 第 17 页 共 43 页 one would be the best answer to the question you ave heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. About 70 miles north-east of Vancouver is one of Canada’s most beautiful tourist regions. Visitors come to enjoy fishing, skiing or the splendid mountain scenery. Over 20 years ago, Kirsty Bourne, a successful businesswoman, came here and founded Paradise Ridge, a cabin park. She said, “I wanted to live somewhere where everybody knows everybody else and all your problems are shared.” Paradise Ridge is now home to 25 families. Each family owns their own small cabin, but they share ownership of the park and the common facilities. This is a real,living community, and residents aren’t allowed to use their cabins as a holiday home. The heart of the Paradise Ridge community is a large house. Shared meals take place 3 times a week and once a month there is a meeting when important decisions are made. Families can sell their homes if they want to leave, but the whole community must vote on new families before they are allowed to join. “Keeping the community together is hard work,” says Kirsty. “Everybody has to take responsibility for the day-to-day running of the community.But it seems that there is no shortage of the families who want to join. There are 75 on the waiting list.” 11. How many families are living in the Paradise Ridge now? 12. What is special about Paradise Ridge? 13. What is the passage mainly about? Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. It’s 3 p.m.,time for news from the World of Medicine. Does sitting make you sad? Australian researchers found that middle-aged women who sat for over 7 hours a day were 47 percent more likely to show signs of depression than those who sat for 4 hours or fewer. Those who engaged in no physical activity were 26 percent more likely to have symptoms of depression 3 years later than those who exercised regularly. Sitting for long periods has also been linked to heart disease. How can you detect a liar through text message? Watch for a delayed response. When college students were asked to tell a lie during an interview with a computer, they took 10 percent longer on average to send the message, and they did more editing than usual. Can marriage beat cancer? Married people were 20 percent less likely to die from the disease than those who were unmarried, according to a Harvard study of more than 730,000 people. They were also more likely to get the disease detected at an earlier stage and receive proper treatment. A husband or wife can urge you to seek medical help and support you during tough chemical therapy, radiation, and other treatments. 14. Who were most likely to suffer from depression according to Australian researchers? 15. How did students behave when they told a lie during an interview with a computer? 16 What is the third piece of news mainly about? Section C Directions: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet. Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. W: Excuse me, I’m Linda Lee from the Airport Research Division. May I ask you a few questions about the environment andfacilities here? 第 18 页 共 43 页 M: OK. W: Are you on a business trip? M: Yes, I’m heading off for a conference in London. W: What do you like most about the airport environment? M: Well, I really appreciate the daylight. W: Daylight? M: Yes.The windows here make it seem as if you’re outside. Another thing I like is the moving walkways. You don’t have to walk for miles to the boarding gate. W: I see. Anything you don’t like? M: Mm…The shops are often overcrowded. There is not enough space to move around comfortably.And also I suppose the trolleys are too small. W: Well, thanks for your time. Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer. Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation. W: Professor King, what exactly is critical thinking? M: Well, when you read critically, you should assess the writer’s ideas and think about the implications andconclusions of what the writer is saying. W: Can you give me an example? M: When you read an academic text, first, you should identify the argument and work out the writer’s main line of reasoning. W: OK. What then? M: Try to analyze and criticize the argument. W: I see. That’s why you often ask whether the argument is presented in a logical way. M: Right! Then, assess the evidence the writer gives you. That may be in the form of figures, survey results, examples, etc. W: How about the writer’s conclusions? M: Ask yourself if they are supported by the evidence. W: Got it. Thanks, Professor King. M: Remember, the key to critical thinking is to read actively and keep asking yourself questions rather than just accepting. Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. 答案： 1. A 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.A 8.C 9.C 10.B 11.C 12.D 17. conference 13.B 14.C 15.A 18. daylight 16.B 19. moving 20. overcrowded 21. implications and conclusions22. reasoning23. Figures24. keep questioning 第 19 页 共 43 页 2014 年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试 上海 第 I 卷 英语试卷 （共 103 分） I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. policewoman. 2. A. Confident. B. A judge. B. Puzzled. C. A reporter. D. A waitress. D. Worried. C. Satisfied. 3. A. At a restaurant. C. In a bank. B. At a car rental agency. D. In a driving school. C. A performance. B. Meet Jane. 4. A. A disaster. B. A new roof. D. A TV station. 5. A. Catch the train. C. Get some stationery. D. Clean the backyard. 6. A. Ask for something cheaper. B. Buy the vase she really likes. D. Bargain with the shop assistant. B. Take a chemistry course. D. Gel her computer repaired. D. Sympathetic. C. Protect herself from being hurt. 7. A. Use a computer in the lab. C. Help him revise his report. 8. A. Amused.B. Embarrassed.C. Shocked. 9.A. She doesn’t plan to continue studying next year. B. She has already told the man about her plan. C. She isn’t planning to leave her university. 第 20 页 共 43 页 D. She recently visited a different university. 10. A.It spoke highly of the mayor. B. It misinterpreted the mayor’s speech. D. It earned the mayor’s speech accurately. C. It made the mayor’s view clearer. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. 70 B. 20 C. 25. D. 75 12. A. The houses there can’t be B. It is a place for work and holiday. C. he cabins and facilitiesD. It is run by the residents themselves. 13. A. A skiing B. A special community D. A successful businesswoman C. A splendid mountain Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news. 14. A. Those who often sent text messages. C. Those who did no physical exercise. 15. A. They responded more slowly than usual. C. They typed 10 percent faster on average. 16. A. Why chemical therapy works. B. Why marriage helps fight cant B. Those who suffered from heart disease. D. whose who were unmarried B. They sent more messages. D. They edited more passages. C. How unmarried people survive D. How cancer is detected after marriage. Section C Directions: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations.The conversations will be 第 21 页 共 43 页 read twice.After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard.Write your answers on your answer sheet. Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer. Travelers’ Survey Sheet Travel purpose: for a(n)17 in London Comments on the airport environment / facilities: Likes: •••18 19 20 walkways shops Dislikes: • small trolleys Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation. Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. Assessing the writer’s ideas and thinking about the 21of what the writer is saying. What is the first step in reading an academicFinding out the argument and the writer’s main What is critical thinking in reading? text critically? line of 23 ,survey results, examples, etc. To read actively and24 22 .What may serve as the evidence? What is the key to critical thinking? .II. Grammar and vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 第 22 页 共 43 页 (A) My Stay in New York After graduation from university, I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town. So I decided to leave home for New York, (25)______I might have a better chance to find a good job. (26) ______ (earn) some money to pay the daily expenses, I started work in a local café as a waiter. I believe that (27) ______ ______ ______ I was offered a good position, I would resign at once. Over time, the high cost of living became a little burden on my already (28) ______ (exhaust) shoulder. On the other hand, my search for a respectable job had not met with much success. As I had studied literature at university, I found it quite difficult to secure a suitable job in big companies. Mother had just said that (29) ______ I want to have a better career advancement, I had to find work in the city. Perhaps (30) ______my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind. I just did as she had expected. Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it. Apparently, I had difficulty (31) ______ (adapt) myself to life in the city, let alone finding a job to my delight. After nine months of frustration, I eventually decided to go back to my small town. Not until I returned (32) ______I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me. 第 23 页 共 43 页 【小题 4】过了一段时间，高生活成本在我已经疲惫的肩膀成了一个负担。考查形容词“疲 惫的”：exhausted 【小题 5】 妈妈说过，如果我想有个更好的事业的进步，我就得到城市里面找工作。这里 需要连词“如果”：if 【小题 6】妈妈说的话深深的扎根到我的思想中了。What 引导的是主语从句。 【小题 7】很显然我适应城市的生活有困难。这里使用了 have difficulty in doing sth，所以填 动名词：adapting 【小题 8】直到我回来我才发现安静的小镇生活对我才是最好的。Not until 放在句学科网首， 后面的主句要倒装。用助动词 did 提到主语前面。 考点：考查故事类短文 (B) The giant vending machine (自动售货机) is a new village shop Villagers have long been used to facing a drive when they run out of basic supplies. However, help is now nearer at hand in form of the country’s first automatic push-button shop. 第 24 页 共 43 页 Now residents in the Derbyshire Village of Clifton can buy groceries around the clock after the huge vending was installed outside a pub in the village this week. Peter Fox, who is (33)______electrical engineer, spent two and a half years working on the project. The machine (34)______ (equip) with securing cameras and alarms and looks like a mini shop with a brick front, a grey roof and a display window. Mr. Fox said he hoped his invention, (35)______ is set to be installed in other villages in the area over the coming months, will mark a return to convenience shopping for rural communities. He said:“ I had this idea a few years ago but I couldn’t find a manufacture who could deliver what I wanted, so I did it by (36)______. The result is what amounts to huge outdoor vending machine. Yet I think the term “automatic shop” is far (37)______ (appropriate) In recent years, the commercial pressure from supermarket chains (38)______ force village shops across the country to close. In 2010, it was estimated that about 400 village shops closed, (39)______ (urge) the local government to give financial support to struggling shops or set-up new communities stores. Hundreds of communities have since stepped in and opened up their won volunteer-run shops, but Mr. Fox hopes his new invention will offer a solution (40)______these villages without a local shop. 第 25 页 共 43 页 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 第 26 页 共 43 页 A. alert B. classify C. commit I. relieve D. delicatelyE. gentle J. signalsK. simply F. impose G. labels H. moderation Let’s say you’ve decided you want to eat more healthfully. However, you don’t have time to carefully plan menus for meals or read food __41__ at the supermarket. Since you really__42__ yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldn’t it? This is where a “choice architect” can help__43__some of the burden of doing it all yourself. Choice architects are people who organize the contexts in which customers make decisions. For example, the person who decides the layout of your local supermarket-including which shelf the peanut butter goes on, and how the oranges are piled up—is a choice architect. Governments don’t have to__44__healthier lifestyles through lawsfor example, smoking bans. Rather, if given an environment created by a choice architect-one that encourages us to choose what is best-we will do the right things. In other words, there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthier choices, without removing freedom of choice. This idea combines freedom to choose with__45__hints from choice architects, who aim to help people live longer, healthier, and happier lives. The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called “traffic light system” to __46__foods as healthy or unhealthy. This means that customers can see at a glance how much fat, sugar, and salt each product contains__47__by looking at the lights on the package. A green light __48__that the amounts of the three nutrients are healthy; yellow indicates that the customer should be__49__; and red means that the food is high in at least one of the three nutrients and should be eaten in __50__. The customer is given important health information, but is still free to decide what to choose. 第 27 页 共 43 页 【小题 8】绿色的灯表示这三种营养的含量是健康的。这里需要动词“发信号，表示”signal， 所以选 J 【小题 9】黄灯表示消费者应该警觉了。这里使用形容词“警觉的“alert”，所以选 A 【小题 10】红灯表示这些食物至少有一种营养是含量很高的，所以应该被适当的食用。考 查名词“适度”moderation，所以选 H 考点：考查健康类短文 第 28 页 共 43 页 III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we’ve just watched or books we’ve just finished reading, but plain and simple __51__. Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we __52__ do with it? We gossip. About others’ behaviour and private lives, such as who’s doing what with whom, who’s in and who’s out-and why; how to deal with difficult __53__ situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues. So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural __54__, of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? It’s not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really__55__issues. Dunbar __56__ the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We don’t spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar—__57__, he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip. Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the __58__ of the higher primates（灵长类 动 物 ） like monkeys. By means of grooming–cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or__59__ from outside it. As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar __60__ that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the __61__ it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the 第 29 页 共 43 页 greater the stresses of living close to others. Grooming helped to __62__ the pressure and calm everybody down. But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be __63__ to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more __64__ kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal（有声的）grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one __65__ contact. 【小题 1】 A. claim 【小题 2】A. occasionallyB. habitually B. political B. description C. gossip C. independently C. historical C. users D. language D. originally 【小题 3】 A. social 【小题 4】 A. admirers 【小题 5】 A. vital 【小题 6】A. confirms 【小题 7】A. for instance 【小题 8】A. motivation 【小题 9】A. attack 【小题 10】A. recalls 【小题 11】A. prospect 【小题 12】A. measure 【小题 13】A. saved 【小题 14】A. common 【小题 15】A. indirect 【答案】 D. cultural D. wasters D. difficult D. broadens D. as a result D. behaviour D. assistance D. confesses D. protection D. ease B. masters B. sensitive B. rejects C. ideal C. outlines B. in addition B. appearance B. contact C. on the contrary C. emotion C. inspection C. concludes C. leadership C. maintain C. consumed C. scientific C. physical B. denies B. responsibility B. show B. extended B. efficient B. daily D. gained D. Thoughtful D. secret 【小题 1】C 【小题 2】B 【小题 3】A 【小题 4】D 【小题 5】A 【小题 6】B 【小题 7】C 第 30 页 共 43 页 【小题 8】D 【小题 9】A 【小题 10】C 【小题 11】D 【小题 12】D 【小题 13】B 【小题 14】B 【小题 15】C 【解析】 第 31 页 共 43 页 【小题 12】D 考查动词辨析。根据上文：on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living 第 32 页 共 43 页 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Most people agree that honesty is a good thing. But does Mother Nature agree? Animals can’t talk, but can they lie in other ways? Can they lie with their bodies and behavior? Animal experts may not call it lying, but they do agree that many animals, from birds to chimpanzees, behave dishonestly to fool other animals. Why? Dishonesty often helps them survive. Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals. For example, a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young. When a predator（猎食动 物）gets close to its nest, the plover leads the predator away from the nest. How? It pretends to have a broken wing. The predator follows the “hurt” adult, leaving the baby birds safe in the nest. Another kind of bird, the scrub jay, buries its food so it always has something to eat. Scrub jays are also thieves. They watch where others bury their food and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them. So they go back later, unbury the food, and bury it again somewhere else. Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work. How? They 第 33 页 共 43 页 don’t make nests. Instead, they get into other birds’ nests secretly. Then they lay their eggs and fly away. When the baby birds come out, their adoptive parents feed them. Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky. After a fight, the losing chimp will give its hand to the other. When the winning chimp puts out its hand, too, the chimps are friendly again. But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winner’s hand and start fighting again. Chimps are sneaky in other ways, too. When chimps find food that they love, such as bananas, it is natural for them to cry out. Then other chimps come running. But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food. That way, other chimps don’t hear them, and they don’t need to share their food. As children, many of us learn the saying “You can’t fool Mother Nature.” But maybe you can’t trust her, either. 【小题 1】A plover protects its young from a predator by______. A. getting closer to its young B. driving away the adult predator D. pretending to be injured C. leaving its young in another nest 【 小 题2 】 By “Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky” (paragraph 5), the author means______. A. chimps are ready to attack others C. chimps are jealous of the winners B. chimps are sometimes dishonest D. chimps can be selfish too 【小题 3】Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. Some chimps lower their cry to keep food away from others. B. The losing chimp won the fight by taking the winner’s hand. C. Cuckoos fool their adoptive parents by making no nests. D. Some clever scrub jays often steal their food back. 【小题 4】Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Do animals lie? B. Does Mother Nature fool animals? D. How does honesty help animals survive? C. How do animals learn to lie? 【答案】 【小题 1】D 【小题 2】B 第 34 页 共 43 页 【小题 3】A 【小题 4】A 【解析】 【小题 1】细节题：根据第二段的第二句话：a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to (B) Let’s say you want to hit the gym more regularly this year. How do you make that happen? Consider putting the habit loop to use. Here’s how it works: A habit is a 3-step process. First, there’s a cue, something that tells your brain to operate automatically. Then there’s a routine. And finally, a reward, which helps your brain 第 35 页 共 43 页 learn to desire the behavior. It’s what you can use to create-or break-habits of your own. Here’s how to apply it: Choose a cue, like leaving your running shoes by the door, then pick. a reward-say, a piece of chocolate when you get home from the gym. That way, the cue and the reward become interconnected. Finally, when you see the shoes, your brain will start longing for the reward, which will make it easier to work out day after day. The best part? In a couple of weeks, you won’t need the chocolate at all. Your brain will come to see the workout itself as the reward. Which is the whole point, right? 【小题 1】Which of the following best fits in the box with a “?” in THE HABIT LOOP? A. Pick a new cue. B. Form a new habit. C. Choose a new reward. D. Design a new resolution. 【 小 题2 】 According to THE HABIT LOOP, you can stick to your plan most effectively by______. A. changing the routine C. adjusting your goal B. trying it for a week D. writing it down 【小题 3】. What’s the purpose of putting the habit loop to use? A. To test out different kinds of cues. B. To do something as a habit even without rewards. C. To work out the best New Year’s resolution. D. To motivate yourself with satisfactory rewards. 【小题 4】 “This year when I see the Harry Potter poster, I will read 30 pages of an English novel or an resolution? English newspaper in order to watch TV for half an hour.” What is the cue in this A. The Harry Potter poster. B. Reading 30 pages of an English novel. C. An English newspaper. D. Watching TV for half an hour. 【答案】 【小题 1】C 【小题 2】D 第 36 页 共 43 页 【小题 3】B 【小题 4】A 【解析】 【小题 1】推理题：根据文章图表里面内容的句子：可知如果对这个奖励不满意，可以选择 一个新的奖励，Choose a new reward 最适合 The Habit Loop 里面的有问号的方框，所以选 C。 (C) If you could be anybody in the world, who would it be? Your neighbour or a super star? A few people have experienced what it might be like to step into the skin of another person, thanks to an unusual virtual reality（虚拟现实）device. Rikke Wahl, an actress, model and artist, was one of the participants in a body swapping experiment at the Be Another lab, a project developed by a group of artists based in Barcelona. She swapped with her partner, an actor, using a machine called The Machine to Be Another and temporarily became a man. “As I looked down, I saw my whole body as a man, dressed in my partner’s pants,” she said. “That’s the picture I remember best.” The set-up is relatively simple. Both users wear a virtual reality headset with a camera on the top. The video from each camera is sent to the other person, so what you see is the exact view of your partner. If she moves her arm, you see it. If you move your arm, she sees it. To get used to seeing another person’s body without actually having control of it, participants start by raising their arms and legs very slowly, so that the other can follow along. Eventually, this kind of slow synchronised（同步的）movement becomes comfortable, and participants really start to feel as though they are living in another person’s body. 第 37 页 共 43 页 Using such technology promises to alter people’s behaviour afterwards-potentially for the better. Studies have shown that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism-the bias（偏见） that humans have against those who don’t look or sound like them. Researchers at the University of Barcelona gave people a questionnaire called the Implicit Association Test, which measures the strength of people’s associations between, for instance, black people and adjectives such as good, bad, athletic or awkward. Then they asked them to control the body of a dark skinned digital character using virtual reality glasses, before taking the test again. This time, the participants’ bias scores were lower. The idea is that once you’ve “put yourself in another’s shoes” you’re less likely to think ill of them, because your brain has internalised the feeling of being that person. The creators of The Machine to Be Another hope to achieve a similar result. “At the end of body swapping, people feel like holding each other in their arms,” says Arthur Pointeau, a programmer with the project. “It’s a really nice way to have this kind of experience. I would really, really recommend it to everyone.” 【小题 1】The word “swapping” (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to______. A. building B. exchanging C. controlling D. transplanting 【小题 2】 We can infer from the experiment at the Be Another lab that______. A. our feelings are related to our bodily experience B. we can learn to take control of other people’s bodies C. participants will live more passionately after the experiment D. The Machine to Be Another can help people change their sexes 【小题 3】 In the Implicit Association Test, before the participants used virtual reality glasses to control a dark skinned digital character, ______. A. they fought strongly against racism B. they scored lower on the test for racism C. they changed their behaviour dramatically D. they were more biased against those unlike them 【小题 4】 It can be concluded from the passage that______. A. technology helps people realize their dreams B. our biases could be eliminated through experiments C. virtual reality helps promote understanding among people 第 38 页 共 43 页 D. our points of view about others need changing constantly Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. More and more corporations are taking an interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR). CSR is made up of three broad layers. The most basic is traditional corporate charity work. Companies typically spend about 1% of pre-tax profits on worthy projects. But many feel that simply writing cheques to charities is no longer enough. In some companies, shareholders want to know that their money is being put to good use, and employees want to be actively involved in good works. Money alone is not the answer when companies come under attack for their behavior. Hence 第 39 页 共 43 页 the second layer of CSR, which is a branch of risk management. Starting in the 1980s, with environmental disasters such as the explosion at Bhopal and the Exxon Valdez oil spill, industry after industry has suffered blows to its reputation. So, companies often responded by trying to manage the risks. They talk to non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and to governments, create codes of conduct（ 行 为 准 则 ) and devote themselves to more transparency（透明）in their operations. Increasingly, too. they, along with their competitors, set common rules to spread risks. All this is largely defensive, but there are also opportunities for those that get ahead of the game. The emphasis on opportunity is the third layer of CSR: the idea that it can help to create value. If approached in a strategic way, CSR could become part of a company’s competitive advantage. That is just the sort of thing chief executives like to hear. The idea of “doing well by doing good” has become popular. Nevertheless, the business of trying to be good is bringing difficult questions to executives. Can you measure CSR performance? Should you be cooperating with NGOs and you’re your competitors? Is there any really competitive advantage to be had from a green strategy? Corporate social responsibility is now seen as a mainstream. Big companies want to tell the world about their good citizenship with their devotion to social responsibilities. Done badly, CSR is often just window-dressing and can be positively harmful. Done well, though, it is not some separate activity that companies do on the side, a corner of corporate life reserved for virtue（美 德）：it is just good business. (Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS) 【小题 1】Both _________ in some companies find it no longer enough to simply donate money to charities. 【小题 2】Give one example of the defensive measures of risk management according to the passage. 【小题 3】With the emphasis on opportunity, the third layer of CSR is meant to_________. 【小题 4】According to the passage, “good business” (paragraph 6) means that corporations ________ while making profits. 第 40 页 共 43 页 【答案】 【小题 1】Shareholders and employees 【 小 题2 】 Companies talk to non-government organizations(NGOs) and to governments./Companies create codes of conduct. /Companies devote themselves to more transparency in their operations./Companies set common rules with their competitors to spread risks. 【小题 3】Create value 【小题 4】 take social responsibilities 【解析】 第 II 卷（共 47 分） I. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 【小题 1】我习惯睡前听点轻音乐。(accustomed) 【小题 2】将来过怎样的生活取决于你自己。(be up to) 第 41 页 共 43 页 【小题 3】没有什么比获准参加太空旅行项目更令人兴奋的了。(than) 【小题 4】家长嘱咐孩子别在河边嬉戏，以免遭遇不测。(for fear) 【小题 5】虽然现代社会物资丰富，给予消费者更多的选择，但也使不少人变成购物狂。(turn) 【答案】 【小题 1】I’m accustomed to listening to some light music before sleep. 【小题 2】It’s up to you what kind of life will lead in the future. 【小题 3】There is nothing more exciting than being allowed to take part in the space travel programme. 【小题 4】Parents ask their kids not to play by the river for fear that something terrible might happen. II. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 学校英语报正在酝酿改版，拟从现有的三个栏目（健康、娱乐、文化）中去除一个，并 从三个备选栏目（时尚、职业规划、读者反馈）中挑选一个纳入该报。假设你是该校学生程 第 42 页 共 43 页 飞，给校报编辑写一封电子邮件，表达你的观点。邮件须包括以下内容： 1. 你建议去除的栏目及去除的理由； 2. 你建议增加的栏目及增加的理由。 考点：考查提纲类书面表达 第 43 页 共 43 页