2021年1月浙江省普通高校招生学考科目考试英语试卷(解析版）下载

2021 年 1 月浙江省普通高校招生学考科目考试英语试题及 答案 第一部分听力（共两节，满分 30 分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷 上的答案转涂到答题纸上。 第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1. 5 分，满分 7. 5 分） 听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中 选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时 间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. £19. 15. B. £9. 18. C. £9. 15. 答案是 C。 1. What did the woman do yesterday? A. She played football. B. She watched a game. C She worked in the lab. 2. What will the weather be like tomorrow evening? A. Cloudy. B. Rainy. C. Windy. 3. What will Jack do this weekend? A. Go on a school trip. B. Have a family picnic. C. Prepare for an exam. 4. Why does the man make the call? A. To arrange a meeting. B. To cancel a visit. C. To ask for assistance. 5. How does the man feel now? A. Refreshed. B. Anxious. C. Sleepy. 第二节（共 15 小题；每小题 1. 5 分，满分 22. 5 分） 第 1 页 共 23 页 听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将 有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时 间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。 6. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Husband and wife. 7. What is the man most likely to have for dinner? A. French fries.B. Ham sandwiches. B. Hostess and guest. C. Chef and customer. C. Fish and vegetables. 听第 7 段材料，回答第 8 至 10 题。 8. Where will George go after the business trip? A. Milan. B. Rome. C. Florence. 9. What is banned in Florence? A. Eating in the street. B. Dressing up as soldiers. C. Singing on public transport. 10. What does George think of the new rules? A They’re effective. B. They’re timely. C. They’re reasonable. 听第 8 段材料，回答第 11 至 13 题。 11. Why does Ms. McDaniel talk to Frank? A. He missed a speech. B. He failed to pass a test. C. He wanted to drop a class. 12. How would Ms. McDaniel’s students react if a speaker made a mistake? A. laugh at the speaker. B. Sympathize with the speaker. C. Persuade the speaker to try again. 13. How does Ms. McDaniel sound? A. Optimistic. B. Humorous. C. Encouraging. 第 2 页 共 23 页 听第 9 段材料，回答第 14 至 16 题。 14. What makes the man surprised? A. The number of job applicants. B. The experience of employees. C. The candidates’ language skills. 15. How many candidates are the speakers going to meet? A. 2. B. 12. C. 20. 16. What do the speakers talk about at the end of the conversation? A. Job description. B. Interview procedure. C. Candidates’ background. 听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。 17. What did Gallo receive yesterday? A. A call from her sister. B. A bottle from her aunt. C. A letter from a stranger. 18. Where did the fisherman find the bottle? A. On Monhegan Island. B. At Cumberland. C. In Spain. 19. How old was Gallo when she threw out the bottle? A Fight. B. Eleven. C. Fourteen. 20. Where is the bottle now? A. In the ocean. B. At Gallo’s home. C. With the fisherman. 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分 35 分） 第一节（共 10 小题；每小题 2. 5 分，满分 25 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 ID 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并 在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 AMore than 25 years ago, Saroo Brierley lived in rural（农村）India. One day, he played with 第 3 页 共 23 页 his brother along the rail line and fell asleep. When he woke up and found himself alone, the 4-year-old decided his brother might be on the train he saw in front of him-so he got on. That train took him a thousand miles across the country to a totally strange city. He lived on the streets, and then in an orphanage（孤儿院）. There, he was adopted by an Australian family and flown to Tasmania. As he writes in his new book, A Long Way Home, Brierley couldn’t help but wonder about his hometown back in India. He remembered landmarks, but since he didn’t know his town’s name, finding a small neighborhood in a vast country proved to be impossible. Then he found a digital mapping program. He spent years searching for his hometown in the program’s satellite pictures. In 2011, he came across something familiar. He studied it and realized he was looking at a town’s central business district from a bird’s-eye view. He thought,“On the right-hand side you should see the three-platform train station”—and there it was. “And on the left-hand side you should see a big fountain”-and there it was. Everything just started to match. When he stood in front of the house where he grew up as a child, he saw a lady standing in the entrance. “There’s something about me, ” he thought—and it took him a few seconds but he finally remembered what she used to look like. In an interview Brierley says, “My mother looked so much shorter than I remembered. But she came forth and walked forward, and I walked forward, and my feelings and tears and the chemical in my brain, you know, it was like a nuclear fusion（核聚变）. I just didn’t know what to say, because I never thought seeing my mother would ever come true. And here I am, standing in front of her. ” 1. Why was Brierley separated from his family about 25 years ago? A. He got on a train by mistake. B. He got lost while playing in the street. C. He was taken away by a foreigner. D. He was adopted by an Australian family. 2. How did Brierley find his hometown? A. By analyzing old pictures. B. By travelling all around India. C. By studying digital maps 第 4 页 共 23 页 D. By spreading his story via his book. 3. What does Brierley mainly talk about in the interview? A. His love for his mother. B. His reunion with his mother. C. His long way back home. D. His memory of his hometown. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了布尔利小时候意外走失，长大后通过自己努力找回家人的 故事。 【1 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“When he woke up and found himself alone: the 4-year-old decided his brother might be on the train he saw in front of him-so he got on.(当他醒来发现自己一 个人时：4 岁的孩子判断他哥哥可能在他前面看到的火车上，所以他上了车)”以及第二段 中“That train took him a thousand miles across the country to a totally strange city.(那列火车把他 带到了一个千里迢迢之外的陌生城市）”可知，布尔利在 25 年前和家人分开是因为他误上 了火车。故选 A 项。 【2 题详解】 细节理解题。通过文章第四段“Then he found a digital mapping program. He spent years searching for his hometown in the program’s satellite pictures.(然后他找到了一个数字地图程序。 他花了数年时间在该节目的卫星图片中寻找家乡)”以及“Everything just started to match.(一 切都开始匹配了）”可知，布尔利是通过研究数字地图找到家乡的。故选 C 项。 【3 题详解】 细节理解题。通过文章最后一段“In an interview Brierley says: “My mother looked so much shorter than I remembered. But she came forth and walked forward, and I walked forward, and my feelings and tears and the chemical in my brain, you know: it was like nuclear fusion（核聚变）. just didn’t know what to say: because I never thought seeing my mother would ever come true. And here I am, standing in front of her.(在一次采访中，布尔利说：“我妈妈看起来比我记忆中矮多 了。但是她走了出来，朝我走来，我也向着她走去，我的感情、眼泪和大脑里的化学物质， 你知道的：就像发生了核聚变。只是不知道该说些什么：因为我从没想过见到我母亲会成为 第 5 页 共 23 页 现实。我就在这里，站在她面前。)”可知，作者在采访中讲述了他和母亲的团聚。故选 B 项。 BAt the start of the 20th century, an American engineer named John Elfreth Watkins made predictions about life today. His predictions about slowing population growth, mobile phones and increasing height were close to the mark. But he was wrong in one prediction: that everybody would walk 10 miles a day. Today, in Australia, most children on average fall 2, 000 steps short of the physical activity they need to avoid being overweight. In the early 1970s, 40 per cent of children walked to school, while in 2010, it was as low as 15 per cent. The decline is not because we have all become lazy. Families are pressed for time, many with both parents working to pay for their house, often working hours not of their choosing, living in car-dependent neighborhoods with limited public transport. The other side of the coin is equally a deprivation: for health and well-being, as well as lost opportunities（机会）for children to get to know their local surroundings. And for parents there are lost opportunities to walk and talk with their young scholar about their day. Most parents will have eagerly asked their child about their day, only to meet with a “good”, quickly followed by “I’m hungry”. This is also my experience as a mother. But somewhere over the daily walk more about my son’s day comes out. I hear him making sense of friendship and its limits. This is the unexpected and rare parental opportunity to hear more. Many primary schools support walking school-bus routes（路线）, with days of regular, parent-accompanied walks. Doing just one of these a few times a week is better than nothing. It can be tough to begin and takes a little planning-running shoes by the front door, lunches made the night before, umbrellas on rainy days and hats on hot ones-but it’s certainly worth trying. 4. Why does the author mention Watkins’ predictions in the first paragraph? A. To make comparisons. B. To introduce the topic. D. To provide examples. C. To support her argument. 5. What has caused the decrease in Australian children’s physical activity? A. Plain laziness. C. Lack of time. B. Health problems. D. Security concerns. 第 6 页 共 23 页 6. Why does the author find walking with her son worthwhile? A. She can get relaxed after work. C. She can help with her son’s study. B. She can keep physically fit. D. She can know her son better. 【答案】4. B 5. C 6. D 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章通过否定沃特金斯的预言，进而提出现在人们时间的紧缺和陪伴的重 要性。 【4 题详解】 推理判断题。通过文章第二段“Today: in Australia: most children on average fall 2: 000 steps short of the physical activity they need to avoid being overweight. In the early 1970s, 40 percent of children walked to school while in 2010, it was as low as15 percent.(今天：在澳大利亚：大多数 孩子平均比避免超重所需的体力活动少了 2000 步。在上世纪 70 年代初，40%的孩子步行上 学，而在 2010 年，这一比例降至 15%)”说明作者根据沃特金斯的预言做了相关调查，并且 写下了这篇文章。通读全文得知作者在第一段提到沃特金斯的预言，是为了介绍文章主题。 故选 B 项。 【5 题详解】 细节理解题。通过文章第三段中“Families are pressed for time: many with both parents working to pay for their house, often working hours not of their choosing, living in car-dependent neighborhoods with limited public transport.(家庭时间紧迫：许多家庭的父母都在为房子买单而 工作，工作时间往往不是他们自己选择的，他们住在公共交通有限的依赖汽车的社区)”可 知，导致澳大利亚儿童体育活动的减少的原因是时间不够。故选 C 项。 【6 题详解】 细节理解题。通过文章倒数第二段中“But somewhere over the daily walk more about my son’s day comes out. I hear him making sense of friendship and its limits. This is the unexpected and rare parental opportunity to hear more.(但是，在每天散步的某个地方，更多关于我儿子日常的事情 出现了。我听到他在理解友谊及其局限性。这是一个意想不到的难得的机会，家长听到更 多)”说明作者觉得和儿子一起散步能让她更了解她的儿子。故选 D 项。 CResearchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees (黑猩猩) use to communicate. They say wild chimps communicate 19 specific messages to one another with 第 7 页 共 23 页 a “vocabulary” of 66 gestures. The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda, and examining more than 5,000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges. Dr Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research, said that this was the only form of intentional communication to be recorded in the animal kingdom. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member. “That’s what’s so amazing about chimp gestures,” she said. “They’re the only thing that looks like human language in that respect. ” Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from another animal’s call, the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages. This was a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr Hobaiter said. Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate. In one case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, signaling:” Climb on me. ” The youngster immediately jumps on to its mothers back and they travel off together. “The big message from this study is that there is another species (物种) out there. that is meaningful in its communication, so that’s not unique to humans,” said Dr Hobaiter. Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results were “a little disappointing”. “The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions,” she said. “Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animal convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains. ” 7. What do chimps and humans have in common according to Dr Hobaiter? A. Memorizing specific words. B. Understanding complex information. D. Communicating messages on C. Using voices to communicate. purpose. 8. What did Dr Shultz think of the study? A. It was well designed but poorly conducted. B. It was a good try but the findings were limited. 第 8 页 共 23 页 C. It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable. D. It was a failure but the methods deserved praise. 9. What does the underlined word “gulf” in the last paragraph mean? A. Difference. B. Conflict. C. Balance. D. Connection. 10. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Chimpanzee behaviour study achieved a breakthrough B. Chimpanzees developed specific communication skills C. Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the animal kingdom D. Chimpanzee language: communication gestures translated 【答案】7. D 8. B 9. A 10. D 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家们通过跟踪和拍摄乌干达的黑猩猩群，翻译出了黑猩猩 用来交流的手势含义。 【7 题详解】 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 第 二 段 中 的 “Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member.（她说，只有人 类和黑猩猩有一个交流系统，他们故意向其他成员发送信息）”可知，根据 Dr Hobaiter，黑 猩猩和人类的共同点在于故意传递信息，故选 D。 【8 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results were“a little disappointing”（曼彻斯特大学的进 化生物学家苏珊娜·舒尔茨博士说，这项研究是值得称赞的，它试图丰富我们对人类语言进 化的知识。但是，她补充说，结果“有点令人失望”）”可知，这项研究是一个好的尝试， 但是发现的结果是有限的。故选 B。 【9 题详解】 词义猜测题。首先根据第三段中的“They’re the only thing that looks like human language in that respect.（在这方面，它们是唯一看起来像人类语言的东西）”可知，黑猩猩的手势交流 很像我们人类语言的交流方式。但是根据最后一段中的“Moreover, the meanings seem to not 第 9 页 共 23 页 go beyond what other animals convey with non-verbal communications.（此外，这些含义似乎并 不超越其他动物通过非语言交流所传达的信息）”可知，黑猩猩手势的交流方式还是和我们 语言的交流方式存在不同的，也就是“So, it seems the gulf remains.（所以，看来差异依然存 在）”，故 gulf 的意思是 difference，故选 A。 【10 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees use to communicate.（研究人员表示，他们已经翻译出了野生黑猩猩用来交 流的手势的含义）”以及文章对这方面的讨论可知，文章主要讲科学家们对黑猩猩手势的研 究及一些成果，所以 D 项：黑猩猩语言：翻译出来的交流手势，这一题目涵盖文章的内容。 故选 D。 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两 项为多余选项。 You run into the grocery store to pick up one bottle of water. You get what you need, head to the front, and choose the line that looks fastest. You chose wrong. People who you swear got in other lines long after you are already checked out and off to the parking lot. ___11___ It turns out, it’s just math working against you; chances are, the other line really is faster. Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum delay. ___12___Any small interruption – a price check, a chatty customer-can have downstream effects, holding up an entire line. If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers. Think about the probability:____13____So it’s not just in your mind: Another line probably is moving faster. Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem. Make all customers stand in one long, snaking line- called a serpentine line – and serve each person at the front with the next available register. ___14___This is what they do at most banks and fast-food restaurants. With a serpentine line, a long delay at one register won’t unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it. Instead, it will slow down everyone a little bit but speed up checkout overall. ____15____It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly, and some stores can’t 第 10 页 共 23 页 afford the space or manpower. So wherever your next wait may be: Good luck. A. Why does this always seem to happen to you? B. So why don’t most places encourage serpentine lines? C. Some of the may have stood in a queue for almost an hour. D. The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three. E. How high is the probability that you are in the fastest waiting line? F. With three registers, this method is much faster than the traditional approach. G. But sometimes, as on a Sunday afternoon, the system gets particularly busy. 【答案】11. A 12. G 13. D 14. F 15. B 【解析】 本文是说明文。文章说明了杂货店排队方式以及研究人员提出的蛇形队伍的新方式，并分析 了各自的利弊。 【11 题详解】 下文“It turns out, it’s just math working against you; chances are, the other line really is faster.（原 来，这只是你的数学问题；很可能，另一个队伍真的更快。）”解释了上文“You chose wrong.(你选错了)”的原因，下文与空格处是因果关系，所以本空应该是对前文选错提出疑 惑，故选 A 项。 【12 题详解】 上文“Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum delay.（杂货店尽量让足够的员工在结账时让所有的顾客以最小的延误完成结 账。）”解释了杂货店之前的工作模式，下文“Any small interruption a price check, a chatty customer -can have downstream effects, holding up an entire line.（任何一个小小的中断，一个价 格检查，一个喋喋不休的顾客，都会产生下游效应，拖住整个生产线。）”描述了杂货店的 特殊情况，故本空应该填出现特殊情况的原因，故选 G 项。 【13 题详解】 根据上文“If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers. （如果杂货店中有三列队伍，延迟将在不同的队伍中随机发生。）”联系下文“So it’s not just in your mind: Another line probably is moving faster.（所以这不仅仅是在你的脑海里：另一条 队伍可能移动得更快。）”可知本空说的是任何一个队伍都有可能出现问题。你的队伍跑得 最快的几率只有三分之一。故选 D 项。 第 11 页 共 23 页 【14 题详解】 根据“上文 Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem.(我们得知研究人员有一个很 好的方法来处理这个问题)”以及下文“This is what they do at most banks and fast-food restaurants. With a serpentine line, a long delay at one register won’t unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it. Instead, it will slow down everyone little bit but speed up checkout overall.（这 个大多数银行和快餐店都是这样做的。有了一条蜿蜒的队伍，在一个登记处长时间拖延不会 不公平地惩罚后面排队的人。相反，它会减慢每个人一点点，但加快了整体结帐速度。）” 说明这个新方案迅速有效，联系上下文可知，空格中应该是与旧的结账方案作比较。故选 F 项。 【15 题详解】 结合下文“It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly, and some stores can’t afford the space or manpower.（要保持一条生产线的快速运转，需要很多的收银机，而且有些商店 负担不起空间和人力。）”说明了一个原因，由此可知，空格处提出了一个问题；通过“It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly.(保持一条生产线的快速运转)”可知这里描述的 是不鼓励蛇形队伍的原因。故选 B 项。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分45 分） 第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1. 5 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入 空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 Last year I decided to do some volunteer work. I began to____16____on the Internet and discovered Volunteer USA. Three months later I____17____myself on a plane to Phoenix, Arizona. I was____18____at the thought of living with loads of new people for three months. However, within fifteen minutes of____19____, my worries had gone. Everyone was so____20____and like-minded that it was very____21____to feel at home. I was sent to the Coronado National Forest for my first 8-day____22____. We had to____23____everything we needed and walk three miles to where we worked. It may not seem like a____24____way but in 35℃ heat and with a heavy pack, my legs were on fire. My job was to____25____a stairway out of rock. This____26____climbing up and down the side of a mountain inhabited (栖息) by mountain lions, although I should say they were only 第 12 页 共 23 页 heard,never____27____ .Three days later, a beautiful stairway came into being. The____28____of knowing that my____29____will be on that mountainside for years to come is massive. But on the last night we were____30____in a thunderstorm. I woke up at midnight to find a swimming pool in my tent. The temperature was close to____31____. I had to spend the rest of the night trembling in the only____32____part of my tent. ____33____, I suffered a lot. But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I____34____. I think I am much____35____for having taken part in the project. 16. A. calculate 17. A. imagined 18. A. annoyed 19. A. arriving 20. A. confident 21. A. funny 22. A. tour B. negotiate B. introduced B. surprised B. sleeping B. friendly B. good C. advertise C. enjoyed C. scared C. thinking C. energetic C. lucky D. research D. found D. excited D. walking D. curious D. easy B. project B. make C. campaign C. carry D. course D. buy 23. A. drop 24. A. nice B. safe C. long D. quick D. guard D. meant D. fed 25. A. build 26. A. helped 27. A. hunted 28. A. satisfaction intention B. test C. clean B. ended C. allowed C. seen B. trained B. ambition C. expectation D. 29. A. work 30. A. left B. memory B. caught C. record D. story C. attacked D. separated 31. A. boiling 32. A. tidy B. average C. normal D. freezing D. soft B. dry C. new 33. A. By the way ease B. Regardless of that C. Needless to say D. In either 第 13 页 共 23 页 34. A. survived recovered B. resisted C. escaped D. 35. A. smarter 【答案】16. D B. stronger 18. C C. happier D. busier 17. D 27. C 19. A 29. A 20. B 30. B 21. D 22. B 32. B 23. C 33. C 24. C 34. 25. A A26. D 35. B 28. A 31. D 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者去年通过网上查询信息得到去科罗拉多国家森林当志 愿者的机会，虽然期间作者经历了暴雨中帐篷漏水，为狮子上下山而搭建台阶的繁重工作等 磨难，仍然感谢这个经历让自己变得更坚强。 【16 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始在网上查询并且发现“美国志愿者”。A. calculate 计算； B. negotiate 协商；C. advertise 登广告；D. research 研究。根据前文的“Last year I decided to do some volunteer work.”可知，作者在网上研究有哪些可以做志愿者的信息。故选 D 项。 【17 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：三个月后，我发现自己在飞往亚利桑那州凤凰城的飞机上。A. imagined 想象；B. introduced 介绍；C. enjoyed 喜欢；D. found 发现。根据前文的“I began to_1_on the Internet…”可知，作者之前还在网上查阅，三个月后自己就动身了。故选 D 项。 【18 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一想到我要和一群陌生人一起住三个月，我很害怕。A. annoyed 烦恼的；B. surprised 惊讶的；C. scared 害怕的；D. excited 兴奋的。根据后面的“my worries had gone.”可知，我一开始很担忧。故选 C 项。 【19 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，到达 15 分钟里我的担忧就消失了。A. arriving 到达；B. sleeping 睡觉；C. thinking 思考；D. walking 行走。根据“feel at home”得知到达目的地不久， 作者就不担心了。故选 A 项。 【20 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每个人都如此友好和志趣相投以至于很容易有宾至如家的感觉。 A. confident 自信的；B. friendly 友好的；C. energetic 活力的；D. curious 好奇的。根据后文“and 第 14 页 共 23 页 like-minded”可推断，作者感觉大家都很友好。故选 B 项。 【21 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每个人都如此友好和志趣相投以至于很容易有宾至如家的感觉。 A. funny 搞笑的；B. good 好的；C. lucky 幸运的；D. easy 容易的。根据 “that like-minded” 和“feel at home”得知大家都很友好并且志趣相投，感觉到家的温暖很容易。故选 D 项。 【22 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我被派往科罗拉多国家森林开始头 8 天的项目。A. tour 游览； B. project 项目；C. campaign 活动；D. course 课程。根据下文“for having taken part in the project”可知，这是在说当志愿者的项目，原词复现。故选 B 项。 【23 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们必须带上需要的东西走到三英里外我们工作的地方。A. drop 掉下；B. make 制作；C. carry 携带；D. buy 购买。根据下文“with a heavy pack”可知，作者 他们要背负着必需品走。故选 C 项。 【24 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：可能看起来不远，但是在 35 度高温下，背着沉重的物品，我 的腿像是着了火。A. nice 好的；B. safe 安全的；C. long 长的；D. quick 快的。根据前文“walk three miles”可知，作者他们走的路程不远。故选 C 项。 【25 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的工作是用岩石建一个阶梯。A. build 建造；B. test 测试；C. clean 清洁；D. guard 保卫。根据下文“climbing up and down the side of a mountain.”可知，作者在狮 子栖息地建一个阶梯供狮子攀爬。故选 A 项。 【26 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这意味着狮子能在山上栖息地通过阶梯爬上爬下。A. helped 帮 助；B. ended 结束；C. allowed 允许；D. meant 意味。根据“climbing up and down”可知，台 阶修好了意味着狮子可以爬上爬下。故选 D 项。 【27 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我应该说他们只被听说过，从没被亲眼见过。A. hunted 捕 猎；B. trained 训练；C. seen 看到；D. fed 喂养。根据前文“although I should say they were only heard”可知，作者以前没有见过。故选 C 项。 【28 题详解】 第 15 页 共 23 页 考查名词词义辨析。句意：知道我的作品将会在未来的几年里出现在那片山坡上，我的满足 感是巨大的。A. satisfaction 满意；B. ambition 雄心；C. expectation 期待；D. intention 意图。 根据上文的“a beautiful stairway came into being”可知，我修的台阶成型了，我很满意。故选 A 项。 【29 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：知道我的作品将会在未来的几年里出现在那片山坡上，我的满足 感是巨大的。A. work 工作，作品；B. memory 回忆；C. record 记录；D. story 故事。根据上 文的“My job was to”“a beautiful stairway came into being”可知，修台阶是我的工作。故选 A 项。 【30 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是在最后一晚，我们被困在雷雨中。A. left 离开；B. caught 捉 住；C. attacked 袭击；D. separated 分离。根据下文“I woke up at midnight to find a swimming pool in my tent”可知，作者他们被困在雷雨中。故选 B 项。 【31 题详解】 考查形容词短语辨析。句意：温度接近零度。A. boiling 煮沸的的；B. average 平均的；C. normal 正常的；D. freezing 冰冻的。根据下文“trembling”得知温度很低。故选 D 项。 【32 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不得不后半夜在帐篷干的那一块地方发抖。A. tidy 干净的； B. dry 干的；C. new 新的；D. soft 软的。根据上文的“thunderstorm”和后文的“part of my tent” 可知，帐篷里进了水，作者蜷缩在帐篷干的地方。故选 B 项。 【33 题详解】 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：不用说我受了很多苦。A. By the way 顺便问一下；B. Regardless of that 尽管这样；C. Needless to say不用说；D. In either case 在这两种情况下。 根据前文给狮子栖息地建造台阶和下雨天帐篷漏水可知，作者当志愿者时受了很多苦。故选 C 项。 【34 题详解】 考查动词辨析。句意：但是我知道不论人生中面对什么，我都在这，我都活了下来。A. survived 生存；B. resisted 反抗；C. escaped 逃离，抓牢；D. recovered 恢复。根据上文“But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there.”可知，作者认为再多苦都可以坚持下来，挺过去。故选 A 项。 第 16 页 共 23 页 【35 题详解】 考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：我认为因为参加这个项目我更强壮了。A. smarter 更聪 明的；B. stronger 更强壮的；C. happier 更快乐的；D. busier 更忙碌的。根据前文“But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there.可知作者感觉经历让他更强壮。故选 B 项。 【点睛】 第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1. 5 分，满分 15 分） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier ____36____ that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas. BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ____37____ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a ____38____ (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared. and a BMI of between 19 and 25 ____39____ (consider) healthy. The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased ____40____ 2. 1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain ____41____ (be) 1. 3 in women and 1. 6 in men. The researchers described “striking changes” in the geography of BMI. Tn 1985，urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries ____42____ (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed ____43____(sharp). This may be due to some disadvantages for people ____44____ (live) in the countryside, including ____45____ (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities. 【答案】36. and 37. that/which 38. person’s 39. is considered 40. by 41. was 42. Studied 43. sharply 第 17 页 共 23 页 44. living 45. lower 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如今世界各地的人体重越来越超标，主要是由于农村地区的体 重指数（BMI）增加了，并分析了其中的原因。 【36 题详解】 考查连词。句意：在一项对 200 个国家 33 年体重指数趋势的研究中，科学家们发现，世界 各地的人们体重越来越重，而这主要是由于农村地区体重指数的增加。分析句子结构可知， that people worldwide are getting heavier 和 that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.都是 found 引导的宾语从句，是并列关系，故填 and。 【37 题详解】 考查定语从句关系代词。句意：BMI 是一种国际公认的测量工具，它可以显示一个人的体 重是否健康。分析句子结构可知，tool 是先行词，且在从句中做主语，故填 that/which。 【38 题详解】 考查名词所有格。句意：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方，BMI 在 19 到 25 之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知，person 是修饰 weight 的，用 person 的名词所有格 person’s。故填 person’s。 【39 题详解】 考查动词被动语态。句意：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方，BMI 在 19 到 25 之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语，主语（a BMI）是单 数，时态是一般现在时，且主语和 consider 是表被动关系，故填 is considered。 【40 题详解】 考查介词。句意：研究发现，1985 年至 2017 年间，农村女性和男性的平均 BMI 增加了 2.1。increase by 表示“增加了”；increase to 表示“增加到”。根据正常的成人 BMI 数值 （18.5-23.9）可知，increase by 符合语境，故填 by。 【41 题详解】 考查主谓一致和动词时态。句意：然而，在城市中，女性增加了 1.3，男性增加了 1.6。分析 句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语，主语（gain）是单数，时态是一般过去时，故填 was。 【42 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：1985 年，在被研究的国家中，超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的 BMIs 高于农村地区的男性和女性。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语是 had，所以 study 用非 第 18 页 共 23 页 谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是 countries，表被动关系，故填 studied。 【43 题详解】 考查副词。句意：但 30 年后，许多国家城市和农村人口的 BMI 差异大幅缩小。分析句子结 构可知，sharp 是要修饰动词 narrow，用 sharp 的副词形式 sharply。故填 sharply。 【44 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件，包括较低的收入和 教育水平，较高的健康食品成本，以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知，句子已有谓语 动词 may be，故 live 用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是 people，表主动关系，做定语，用现在 分词形式，故填 living。 【45 题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件，包括较低的收入 和教育水平，较高的健康食品成本，以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知，including 说 明的是一些不利条件，且后面有 higher 和 fewer，是并列关系，所以 low 也应该用比较级形 式，故填 lower。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40 分） 第一节 应用文写作（满分15 分） 46. 假定你是李华，下周有新西兰学生访问你校，你将作为学生代表致欢迎辞。请为此写一 篇 发言稿，内容包括： 1. 表示欢迎； 2. 介绍活动安排； 3. 表达祝愿。 注意： 1. 词数 80 左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 【答案】Distinguished guests: On behalf of our school, I would like to convey my sincere welcome for your visiting. At first, it is of significance to fully understand the school. As scheduled, all of you will visit the museum, which contains the splendid history of our school. Furthermore, our classes are worthy of being attended, because you can appreciate the differences between Chinese and western teaching methods. After that, it is at canteen that you can have a special lunch with our students. 第 19 页 共 23 页 As mentioned above, I extremely expect your coming. May you have an unforgettable experience. 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇应用文，要求考生写一篇发言稿，向即将到校的新西兰学生致欢迎辞。 【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：应用文 时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时。 结构：总分法 总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。 要求： 1．表示欢迎； 2．介绍活动安排； 3．表达祝愿。 第二步:列提纲 （重点词组） on behalf of; would like to; convey; sincere welcome; be of significance; splendid; be worthy of; appreciate; teaching methods; canteen; extremely expect; unforgettable 第三步：连词成句 1. On behalf of our school, I would like to convey my sincere welcome for your visiting. 2. At first, it is of significance to fully understand the school. 3. As scheduled, all of you will visit the museum, which contains the splendid history of our school. 4. Furthermore, our classes are worthy of being attended, because you can appreciate the differences between Chinese and western teaching methods. 5. After that, it is at canteen that you can have a special lunch with our students. 第 20 页 共 23 页 6. As mentioned above, I extremely expect your coming. 7. May you have an unforgettable experience. 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词） 1.表文章结构顺序：at first 2.表并列补充关系：Furthermore 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。 【点睛】[高分句型 1] As scheduled, all of you will visit the museum, which contains the splendid history of our school. (运用了 which 引导的非限制性定语从句) [高分句型 2] After that, it is at canteen that you can have a special lunch with our students. (运用了 强调句型) 第二节 读后续写(满分 25 分） 47. 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。 Pumpkin (南瓜) carving at Halloween is a family tradition. We visit a local farm every October. In the pumpkin field, I compete with my three brothers and sister to seek out the biggest pumpkin. My dad has a rule that we have to carry our pumpkins back home, and as the eldest child I have an advantage-I carried an 85-pounder back last year. This year, it was hard to tell whether my prize or the one chosen by my 14-year-old brother, Jason, was the winner. Unfortunately we forgot to weigh them before taking out their insides, but I was determined to prove my point. All of us were hard at work at the kitchen table, with my mom filming the annual event. I’m unsure now why I thought forcing my head inside the pumpkin would settle the matter, but it seemed to make perfect sense at the time. With the pumpkin resting on the table, hole uppermost, I bent over and pressed my head against the opening. At first I got jammed just above my eyes and then, as I went on with my task, unwilling to quit, my nose briefly prevented entry. Finally I managed to put my whole head into it, like a cork (软木塞) forced into a bottle. I was able to straighten up with the huge pumpkin resting on my shoulders. 第 21 页 共 23 页 My excitement was short-lived. The pumpkin was heavy. “I’m going to set it down, now,” I said,and with Jason helping to support its weight，I bent back over the table to give it somewhere to rest. It was only when I tried to remove my head that I realized getting out was going to be less straightforward than getting in. When I pulled hard, my nose got in the way. I got into a panic as I pressed firmly against the table and moved my head around trying to find the right angle, but it was no use. “I can’t get it out!” I shouted, my voice sounding unnaturally loud in the enclosed space. 注意： 1. 所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右； 2. 至少使用 5 个短文中标有下划线的关键词语； 3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好； 4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。 Paragraph 1 It was five or six minutes though it felt much longer. Paragraph 2 The video was posted the Monday before Halloween. 【答案】Paragraph 1 It was five or six minutes though it felt much longer. Dad was summoned – less, it seemed, in expectation of practical help than to make sure he didn’t miss out on the spectacle. I heard him propose calling the fire department. “Stay tuned,” said Mom; she’d mentioned she was going to upload the video to Facebook, but it was only then I realized she’d been filming the whole time. The video cuts before my rescue —Dad got me to push my head farther into the pumpkin so Mom could reach in and undo the rubber band round my ponytail. I emerged with squash-conditioned hair, a sore chin and my nose plugged with pulp. Paragraph 2 The video was posted the Monday before Halloween. By the end of that day, it had over 1,000 views. People asked Mom to put it on YouTube, and by Wednesday morning we were getting 5:00 am calls from TV breakfast shows and then the international media – the video started racking up hundreds of thousands of views. When I went on a youth camp, I was recognized by children I’d never met. The pumpkin also became a minor celebrity. Passersby and trick-or-treaters would knock 第 22 页 共 23 页 and ask, “Which is Rachel’s pumpkin?” before taking selfies with it. 【解析】 【分析】 的本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者家有在万圣节雕刻南瓜 传统，今年也不例外，家里所 有人都在厨房的餐桌上辛勤地工作着，而作者的妈妈则在拍摄一年一度的活动。结果作者将 头伸进了南瓜里，被卡住了，无论如何也无法挣脱出来，妈妈却趁机拍下了这一幕，后来作 者得救，视频也被上传到网上走红，这段视频开始获得数十万的点击量。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“虽然时间只过去了五、六分钟，但还是感觉要长得多。”可知，第一 段可描写作者是如何在爸爸的帮助下得救的。 ②由第二段首句内容“这段视频是在万圣节前的周一发布的。”可知，第二段可描写作者头 被卡在南瓜里这段视频在网上的走红情况，以及视频走红对作者家和作者的影响。 2.续写线索：爸爸被喊来帮忙——妈妈拍下了全过程——作者得救——视频被上传——视频 走红——视频对作者家和作者的影响 3.词汇激活 行为类 确保：make sure / guarantee 打算做某事：be going to do sth./ intend to do sth. 出来：emerge / come out 情绪类 实际：practical / useful 出名：become a minor celebrity / be famous 【点睛】[高分句型 1] When I went on a youth camp, I was recognized by children I’d never met. (运用了 when 引导时间状语从句) [高分句型 2]Passersby and trick-or-treaters would knock and ask, “Which is Rachel’s pumpkin?” before taking selfies with it. (运用了动名词作宾语) 第 23 页 共 23 页